Archive for the ‘Ergonomics’ Category

Free Healthy UBC Courses

Posted by: | April 24, 2012 | no comments

Lab Ergo Course: Learn about common sources of musculoskeletal injuries and ergonomic resources for a Laboratory environment. May 1

 

Dance Fit:  Have fun, dance, and get fit using ballet, Pilates, strength training and yoga-inspired movements.  May 7

 

Mental Health First Aid Training: Improve mental health literacy by developing skills and knowledge to help family, friends and colleagues. This four-session course (three hours per session) gives you formal certification. May 7, 9, 15, 16

 

Office Ergo Rep Training: Become an office ergonomics representative for your department and learn how to prevent you and your colleagues from injury. May 15

 

Stress Busters:  Learn about the body’s stress response and practical tips to maximize energy and performance at work and at home. May 17

 

Food Allergies and Intolerances: Join us and learn about adverse food reactions including  risk factors, common food allergens and nutritional management.  May 23

 

Powerwalking: Spring into action, put on your runners and enjoy the ever improving weather.  Join our popular Monday or Friday powerwalking groups.  All levels welcome. May 4, 7, 11, 14, 18, 25, 28

 

Filed under: Ergonomics, Events, Food, May 2012, Mental Health, Physical Health | Tags: , ,

Laptop Ergonomics

Posted by: | September 1, 2011 | no comments

Laptops are convenient and portable; they allow us to take our computers with us to work almost anywhere. Unfortunately, the ergonomics of laptop work is not ideal, particularly so when one uses a laptop as their primary computer. Although I was aware that many people use their laptops for sustained periods of time, over the last few months I have been surprised to see a number of people working on their laptops full-time here at UBC.

What are the risks?

The most obvious ergonomic risk of using a laptop comes from having the keyboard and monitor attached. This forces you to choose between adopting either a poor neck posture, or a poor forearm/hand posture. These postures can not only cause discomfort; they can also increase the risk of developing a musculoskeletal injury (MSI).

Poor neck posture versus poor forearm/hand posture

Laptop screens are generally smaller than standard computer monitors, which can cause more eye and neck strain as people tend to lean forward to read what is on their screen.

Many users tend to rest their wrists on the ledge of the laptop and extend their wrists while typing. Wrist extension and contact pressure are known risk factors for carpal tunnel syndrome.

Resting wrists on the edge of the laptop

Additionally, the keyboard on a laptop is generally more condensed than a standard keyboard, which for many users, particularly those with larger hands, results in increased ulnar deviation (another risk factor for carpal tunnel syndrome).

A visual representation of ulnar deviation

What Can You Do?

Ideally, if you are using your laptop as your primary computer, you should obtain an external monitor, keyboard and mouse. If it is not feasible to obtain an external monitor, you should at least obtain an external keyboard and mouse and use a laptop stand or book to raise your laptop screen. The height of your monitor should be adjusted so that the top line of the text is at eye level, and your keyboard and mouse should be just below elbow level. If you do not have access to a keyboard tray, this may require you to raise your chair to the maximum height and use a footrest or books to support your feet. For help with setting up your computer workstation, please check out our online computer workstation guide or request assistance from your office ergo rep or myself (abigail.overduin@ubc.ca).

If you are interested in learning more about office ergonomics, I will be hosting a free Office Ergo Rep training program on Oct. 25, 2011, 1:00 to 4:00. Participants will learn basic ergonomic principles, how to conduct office ergo assessments and how to solve minor ergonomic problems for their colleagues. Additional training material will be provided to enable participants to pass on their learning and training to colleagues.

Filed under: Ergonomics, Physical Health, September 2011 | Tags: ,

Why Psychosocial Risk Factors are an Important Consideration in Musculoskeletal Injury Prevention

Posted by: | August 1, 2011 | no comments

Psychosocial risk factors in the workplace can affect not only one’s mental health, but can also increase the risk of musculoskeletal injuries. The term “psychosocial factors” refers to the non-physical aspects of the job including both the objective demands as well as the employee’s subjective assessment of his/her ability to perform those demands.

Psychosocial risk factors have the potential to increase the risk of musculoskeletal injuries through both physiological and behavioural changes. The physiological changes are complex, but in essence the initial stages of a stress response are characterized by high levels of hormone production, energy release, muscle tension and increased heart rate (Selye 1956 in Smith & Carayon 1996). For example, a lot of us experience increased tension in the upper trapezius musculature, located at the base of the skull to the tip of the shoulder, when we are under stress. This response occurs unconsciously for most people, but we can learn to mitigate it by becoming more aware of what our bodies are telling us. The next time you are working under heavy time pressure, consider pausing momentarily to focus on your shoulders and make a conscious effort to relax them. Repeating this every 20 minutes can help you feel better at the end of the day. Unfortunately, this is difficult to put into practice when under pressure. Other physiological changes also are not so readily within our control. Hormone production may also affect not only our muscle tension but also our sleep patterns and thus may inhibit muscle tissue repair (Theorell 1996).

Behavioural changes, such as skipping breaks and using more force than necessary, can occur when working under high workloads or time pressures. Think back to a time when you were frustrated or stressed; did you start pounding the keys harder or clench the steering wheel tighter? The combination of increased muscle tension, using more force than necessary to complete a task, poor sleep and insufficient recovery increases our risk of developing musculoskeletal injuries particularly if they occur in conjunction with physical risk factors such as repetitive movement.

Some examples of psychosocial risk factors are:

  • time pressure
  • role ambiguity
  • monotonous work
  • interacting with emotionally demanding clients
  • working in unfavourable environments

The potential impact of these factors may be mitigated or exacerbated by the presence, or lack thereof, of suitable resources which include autonomy, supervisory and/or co-worker support and recognition/rewards, to name a few (Bakker & Demerouti 2007). Understanding the relationship of these factors can assist us in developing more successful musculoskeletal injury prevention programs.
UBC provides Healthy Workplace Initiatives Program Funding (HWIP) to help departments/units address the unique demands of their workplace environments and cultures.

Demands/Effort

  • Work & Time Pressures

Resources

  • Control/Autonomy
  • Rewards
  • Support

References:

Bakker, A.B., Demerouti, E. (2007). The Job Demands-Resources model: state of the art. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 22(3), pp. 309-328

Smith, M. & Carayon, P. (1996), ‘Ch.2-Work Organizations, Stress and Cumulative Trauma Disorders’ In Beyond Biomehanics-Psychosocial Aspects of Musculoskeletal Disorders, Editors Moon, S.D. & Sauter, S.L., Taylor & Francis, London, pp. 23-42

Theorell, T. (1996). Possible mechanisms behind the relationship between demand-control-support model and disorders of the locomotor system. In Moon, S.D., Sauter, S.L. (Eds). Beyond Biomechanics: Psychosocial aspects of musculoskeletal disorders in office work (pp.65-74). London: Taylor and Francis.

Filed under: August 2011, Ergonomics | Tags: ,

Fixing My Desk and My Body

Posted by: | June 15, 2011 | no comments

I have neck and back problems. I also happen to share a cubicle with our Ergonomics Coordinator (Abigail Overduin).  I have had numerous discussions about ergonomics and the prevention of chronic pain, so I think of myself as fairly “ergo conscious.”   Today, however, I was given a humbling lesson that life doles out every now and then: I know a lot less than I realized!

It all started because Abigail happened to use my computer desk and chair to do an Office Ergonomics Representative training yesterday.  She wanted to make sure that everything was put back into the right spot for me after they fiddled with my chair and keyboard.

After over two years working here, it seems I am in need of some adjustments to my work station. I have always had the nasty habit of pushing my keyboard far in front of me on my desk, close to the monitor.  I believed it to be a bad habit: I was trying to lean in closer to the monitor when I get inspired and madly type on my keyboard. I often push my mouse so far forward as well, that I actually catch myself having problems using the mouse because I’ve run it completely off of my mouse pad. So if you looked at my desk on a regular day basis, it looks like this:

Notice how my keyboard and mouse are pushed far away from the edge of the desk? Also notice how high my monitor is?

Abigail pointed out that because my keyboard is actually about an inch or two higher than when my forearms are perpendicular to the ground, it is a natural outcome that I would push my keyboard way out in front of me. She tells me that typing with my wrists higher than my elbows essentially makes it hard on my forearms, so my body naturally pushes the keyboard out in front so I can release the tension on my forearms.

Instead, we’re going to get a keyboard tray installed, which will bring the keyboard down below my forearms. This will allow my forearms less tension (and also prevent me from pushing it far away from me, which can cause tension in my shoulders). We will also put a mouse tray on the keyboard tray, so that I can have my mouse at the same angle.

Then Abigail takes a closer look at my monitor. She tells me that it may actually be possibly too high. It turns out that a body’s natural instinct is to try to keep your eyelids partially covering your eyeballs (if you’re looking up, then your eyelids are up, which means your eyes are more likely to dry out). So if your monitor is too high, your body will naturally try to preserve your eyes by pushing your chin out so that you can angle your eyes to look down at the screen.

By lowering the monitor, you can let your eyes feel more rested, and be less likely to push your chin out. Pushing your chin out can cause muscle tension in the back of the neck and between your shoulder blades. For a number of years now, I have had the worst knots of all time in the spots between my shoulder blades and my spine so anything that I

can do to relieve that discomfort is the most amazing gift!

So I have lowered my monitor by an inch and a quarter.
Here is what my workstation looks like now. We’re just waiting on the installation of the new keyboard tray.

Notice how the monitor is lower and the keyboard is at the edge of the desk.

I am trying the new monitor height for a week, then making a final decision on whether it should be moved back to the original height. The funny thing is: within 20 minutes of changing it, I can already feel a lot of tingling in my shoulders and neck. Maybe it’s all in my head. Either way, let’s keep our fingers crossed.  I’ll let you know next week!

Thanks be for people like Abigail in this world! Interested in learning more about setting up your workstation? A former UBC colleague, Dan Robinson, has a great checklist.  Abigail also wrote a  recent article in the Healthy UBC Newsletter about choosing an your office chair.

Filed under: Ergonomics

June Health Hero: The Health & Safety Advocate

Posted by: | June 7, 2011 | no comments

Irene and a fellow cycling enthusiast

Since joining UBC in 1986, Irene Barrett has prioritized safety both in her lab and in her life in general.  She joined the local Health and Safety committee in her first year at UBC.  Originally, she was interested in the health and safety courses that emphasized safe handling of biohazardous organisms and chemicals, in order to prevent long-term health issues.  Since that time, her focus on safety at UBC has expanded: she has been an active member in the University Health and Safety Committee since 2009, and a member of Ergonomics sub-committee for the past year. In her formal role as a lab manager, she conducts research work with postdoctoral fellows, staff and graduate students, in the Hieter Lab, Michael Smith Laboratories.

Recently, Irene has become a key advisor in a project about lab specific ergonomics.  She has been working with Abigail Overduin,  Ergonomics Coordinator, to review different types of pipettes available for use in the lab.  The work requires her to identify the features of each brand/model of pipette, with the goal to create an informational guide to advise UBC faculty and staff on the purchase of new pipettes by the end of the summer. Recently there has been an increase in the amount of repetitive micro-pipetting (handling very small volumes requiring accuracy and attention to detail) due to an increase in high throughput large-scale cell culture experiments.  This could pose a health risk for lab workers, as repetitive pipetting can cause strain on wrist, elbow and shoulder joints.

After years of working on health and safety at UBC, Irene recommends that others “Be aware of the potential safety hazards of the work being performed, organize the work to be performed to minimize extended periods of repetitive body movements.”  She hopes other faculty and staff will remember that “pre-emptive planning and choice of equipment can prevent long term health issues.”

Irene’s roles as an advocate for safety and health extends beyond her work at UBC.  As a coach for a children’s triathlon club and a leader in a bicycling group for people over 50, she emphasizes safety first by requiring participants to wear helmets, implementing, good cycling techniques and following rules of the road.

There are so many faculty and staff at UBC who are working on local and university-wide health and safety committees, helping the University to ensure that our campus life is better for all. June is dedicated to all of you who work on addressing issues and are proactive about finding solutions.

Filed under: Ergonomics, Health Hero, June 2011 | Tags:

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